Review of Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys - 830 Words

I would say that doomed would be the correct adjective to use. Antoinette did not stand a chance at a happy marriage with Rochester. There are lots of different things that happen to undermine the success of their marriage. To begin with their marriage is based on money. The only reason that Rochester is marrying Antoinette was due to the large dowry placed on her by Mr Mason. A marriage without love will never work but all Antoinette wanted was to be loved as her mother had not loved her. Mr Rochester also felt manipulated by his father. Rochester was not the first born son and so did not stand to inherit anything. He felt neglected by his father and marrying Antoinette was his way of trying to not be a disappointment to him. One of the main themes of loneliness is expressed by the two characters in this way. I will never be a disgrace to you or to my dear brother the son you love. Because he has been effectively forced into this marriage, Rochester feels very unenthusiastic about s pending time with his new bride. Once Rochester is on the island he instantly hates his surroundings. He is used to Great Britain and everything on the island is an assault on his senses. Everything is too much, I felt as I rode wearily after her. Too much blue, too much purple, too much green. The flowers too red, the mountain too high, the hills too near. And the woman is a stranger. He sees Antoinette as a wild Creole girl who is not like English girls. She is wild just like the placeShow MoreRelatedBook Review: Jean Rhys Wide Sargasso Sea543 Words   |  2 PagesIdeas like slavery and post-colonial aftermath on former British colonies are dominant ideas in Jean Rhys 1966 novel Wide Sargasso Sea. The writer focused on providing a realistic display concerning feelings in former British colonies as individuals struggle to reclaim their cultural identity in environments destroyed as a consequence of oppression occurring during British influence. The first part of the novel focuses extensively on people who were formerly slaves working on plantations ownedRead MoreEssay about Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre an3613 Words   |  15 Pagescanonical texts re-written by female authors? Answer with close reference to Charlotte Bronte#8217;s Jane Eyre and Jean Rhys#8217;s Wide Sargasso Sea. The Sargasso Sea is a relatively still sea, lying within the south-west zone of the North Atlantic Ocean, at the centre of a swirl of warm ocean currents. Metaphorically, for Jean Rhys, it represented an area of calm, within the wide division between England and the West Indies. Within such an area, a sense of stability, permanence and identityRead MoreThe Presentation of Isolation in Jane Eyre and the Wide Sargasso Sea1546 Words   |  7 PagesIsolation in Jane Eyre and the Wide Sargasso Sea. The theme of isolation is explored in Bronte’s novel; Jane Eyre. This theme is also developed in The Wide Sargasso Sea, by Jean Rhys. Both pieces present different types of isolation, such as isolation due to location and the isolation of a character due to their social status, such as Jane’s status as a governess. The various ways in which isolation is present in each of the texts show how inescapable and unavoidable isolation is for the charactersRead MoreComparatve Essay on the Fat Black Womans Poems, Sula and Wide Sargasso Sea3043 Words   |  13 Pageswriters explore gender. Wide Sargasso Sea, by Jean Rhys, and Sula by Toni Morrison are both novels that respond to the issues of women that are confined to their social roles. Grace Nichols book, The Fat Black Womans Poems, supports and also contrasts the views of both Rhys and Morrison. All three texts question gender roles and oppression in society. While Nichols is very outspoken and doesnt let her gender confine her, the main character in Wide Sargasso Sea, Antoinette, is restrictedRead MoreThe Loss of Identity Portrayed in a Range of Literature2785 Words   |  12 PagesReport: Loss of Identity portrayed in a range of literature For my report I chose to look at the loss of Identity portrayed in a range of different literature. The texts that I chose to study were: ‘Wide Sargasso Sea’ by Jean Rhys, ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ by Robert Louis Stevenson, ‘I am not Esther’ by Fleur Beale, ‘The Importance of Being Earnest’ by Oscar Wilde and ‘Face Off’ directed by John Woo and written by Mike Werb and Michael Colleary. In all five texts that I studiedRead MoreBelonging Essay4112 Words   |  17 Pagesfall apart AF Ali, Monica Brick Lane AF YA http://www.themanbookerprize.com/search Alcott, Louisa May Little women JF Anderson, Laurie Twisted YA Anderson, M.T The astonishing life of Octavian nothing YA Atwood, Margaret The handmaid’s tale AF Auel, Jean Clan of the cave bear AF Baranay, Inez Pagan SF Barrie, J.M. Peter Pan JF Binchy, Maeve Circle of friends AF Boyne, John, The boy in the striped pyjamas AF YA Braithwaite, E.R. To sir with love SF YA Brashares, Ann Sisterhood of the travelling

A Descriptive Essay Hiking in Payson, Arizona - 719 Words

It is amazing how some experiences stay so crisp in my memory, that if I were to close my eyes, I could almost swear that I was there right at that moment. Its as if my body can almost taste the sweet air, feel the cold, wet breeze on my skin, and recall the scent of the pine trees towering above our heads. Hiking in Payson, Arizona, after a snow storm is one of the best places I have ever visited in order to collect one of these memories. Payson is a great place to take the family dog hiking, but also you will be able to appreciate the beautiful landscape Payson has to offer, with it being conveniently located just a brief drive from the sweltering heat of the Desert Valley. Turning off of the main road I am always amazed by how†¦show more content†¦Paysons landscape is an ever changing experience of seasons, but my favorite has always been that first snow fall of the year. The way the snow trickles down from the foggy sky and lands on the towering birch trees, is lik e a scene from a movie. Little chirps eco through the canyon as the birds prepare their homes for a long-awaited winter. We sat and watched as the pine trees quietly gathered the flakes that snuck through the arms of the birch trees. The brisk powder like snow continued to pile up and slowly started to fill in our foot prints, erasing any sign that we were ever there. A few more steps on the trail lead us to one of our most memorable spots. Peering over the edge of the cliff is always a bewildering sight. The vast open valley below was covered in a blanket of milky white snow, and the sweet smelling, cool air was as refreshing as a tall glass of ice water during a smoldering desert summer night. In the distance the sound of the powerful water fall below breaking over the ice sickle reddened boulders is one that is truly breathtaking. After spending all day soaking in all of the beauty and fun, I think to myself how thankful I am that this amazing area is just a short drive fr om home. The winding narrow roads that lead us back down to the dry desert valley can be daunting at times. The steep walls of stone surround us and the loose rocks at the top make me

Role of Addiction Counselors in Community Prevention Programs free essay sample

Secondary prevention uses approaches available to individuals and populations for early detection within high-risk groups and prompt and effective intervention to correct or minimize alcohol abuse in the earliest years of onset. Tertiary prevention consists of measures taken to reduce existing impairments and disabilities and to minimize suffering caused by alcohol abuse. INTRODUCTION: Social workers play vital roles in assisting individuals, families, schools, workplaces, and communities to address addictions. Addictions affect people from all walks of life, and social workers in virtually all practice areas see people with these problems. Addiction is described as impulse-control disorders or compulsive (repeated) behaviors that can cause psychological, social, and sometimes physical harm, such as gambling, overeating, sex, Internet use, and shopping. Addictive disorders, broadly defined, often co-occur. For example, many pathological gamblers have alcohol use disorders (Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 2005). In addition, a person trying to control one addictive disorder may develop another in its place. Addictive or impulse-control disorders also often co-occur with depression or other mental disorders. Social workers see individuals with addictions or impulse-control disorders in many settings. For example, social workers help parents with alcohol and drug problems in the child welfare system, and they often treat individuals who gamble pathologically as a condition of deferred adjudication for Addictions and Social Work Practice. Social workers employed as supervisors or agency administrators are also responsible for employees who come to work intoxicated or have other addictive disorders that interfere with their work. Social workers may also see colleagues impaired by these problems. In all these sit- uations, social workers need to be able to identify problems and intervene. The public generally considered alcoholism a sin or moral problem. Mary Richmond, a notable Charity Organization Societies leader, had a more enlightened view. She referred to â€Å"inebriety† as a dis- ease, encouraged early identification and treatment, and developed an alcoholism assessment instrument that contains items that social workers today continue to use. In these early days of the profession, social workers often addressed alcohol problems through the temperance movement and their work in public welfare, child welfare, and the workplace, but few alcoholics received direct help. Many died early or were confined in men- tal institutions, jails, or prisons because professionals knew little about how to treat them or had little interest in helping them. WHAT CAUSES ADDICTIONS AND OTHER COMPULSIVE BEHAVIORS? The causes of addiction or impulse-control disorders are widely debated (McNeece DiNitto, 2005). Many people have strongly held views about what causes these problems. Social workers should carefully examine their personal views of these problems before proceeding to help clients. Some people see addictions as moral problems that result from a lack of willpower or the wanton acts of individuals unwilling to change and become responsible citizens. Others see them as a lifestyle or conscious choice and believe that if individuals choose to engage in these behaviors, they can choose to stop. Many individuals with alcohol or drug disorders have a family history of these problems, suggesting a genetic predisposition. Growing evidence indicates that genetics and abnormal neurotransmitter systems (brain chem- istry) play a part in substance use disorders (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2000). Many report that using alcohol and drugs makes them feel â€Å"normal. † Alcohol and drug consumption in sufficient quantities and over a period of time can alter brain chemistry and promote continued use. Abnormal brain chemistry has also been identified in some pathological gamblers (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Social workers need information about brain chemistry and medication use in treating these problems. What Causes Addictions and Other Compulsive Behaviors? 177 Chapter 08 7/13/07 3:22 PM Page 177 Having parents, grandparents, or other relatives who have had alcohol or drug disorders may suggest a biological predisposition to these prob- lems. It may also mean that using alcohol or drugs to deal with life is a learned behavior. In addition to learning theory, personality theories have been used to explain substance use and other impulse-control disorders. Prevention Many social workers enjoy working with children. Children are the focus of many efforts to prevent addictive behaviors, and school social workers are often involved in delivering prevention programs. For example, SAMHSA offers information on evidence-based prevention programs targeted to chil- dren of different ages and ethnic backgrounds. Adults also need prevention or health promotion programs. Social work- ers in public health practice and other medical and social service settings help adults recognize early indicators of alcohol and drug problems or overeating before they develop into full-blown problems, encourage them to adopt healthier habits, and instruct them on how to do so. Social work- ers have become increasingly involved in developing adult prevention pro- gramming that is culturally relevant and age appropriate. Screening and Diagnosis Social workers in nearly all practice areas need skills to screen for the problems discussed in this chapter and refer to treatment providers. Screening tools are generally short questionnaires administered by the social worker or completed by the client. There are many alcohol- and drug-problem screening tools. For example, the CAGE is a four-item screening device for alcohol problems that social workers can administer in less than a minute (Ewing, 1984). But helping requires more than a ing clients questions about whether they have tried to reduce their drink- ing or have felt guilty about their drinking. Developing rapport, asking questions in a nonjudgmental way, and ensuring confidentiality (to the extent possible) are also important. Social workers also use questionnaires or inventories based on DSM criteria, such as the South Oaks Gambling Screen, to help screen clients for gambling problems (Lesieur Blume, 1987). Social workers assess the validity and reliability of screening and diag- nostic tools and select those appropriate for their clientele based on age, gender, ethnicity, and whether the client has a disability. For example, the South Oaks Gambling Screen has adult and adolescent versions. The Problem Oriented Screening Inventory for Teenagers screens for alcohol and drug problems as well as social, behavioral, and learning problems (Winters, 1999). The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test is available in several anguages and can be adjusted for drinking norms in different cultures (Babor, Higgins-Biddle, Saunders, Monteiro, 2001). You can search the Internet to learn about tools for helping people consider whether they are overeaters, sexually compulsive, or have other problems, but they may not have been subjected to reliability and validity testing. Screening may suggest an individual has a particular problem, but the social worker needs additional knowledge and skills to support or confirm a diagnosis. Social workers must usually have a master’s degree and cre- dentials such as a clinical license to make diagnoses. A clinical license may also be required to obtain payment for making diagnoses and providing treatment Brief Interventions Brief interventions can take many forms, such as having clients attend one or several short counseling sessions, asking clients to read educational materials and keep logs to monitor their behavior (e. g. , number of drinks consumed; cigarettes smoked; amount of time or money spent gambling, shopping, or using the Internet), and providing cards to remind clients what to do should alcohol or drug cravings or urges to gamble, eat, or engage in compulsive sexual behavior occur. Research indicates that brief interven- tions are often, but not always, effective in reducing risk drinking (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2000). It may be a sign of the times and current insurance policies that brief interventions are now used to address many problems discussed in this chapter, particularly those that have not reached very serious proportions. One framework for brief interventions is the FRAMES approach, which stands for giving feedback to the client on his or her problem behavior such as exceeding safe drinking limits or screening positively on the South Oaks Gambling Screen), recognizing the individual’s personal responsibili- ty to change, providing clear advice about how to alter the behavior of con- cern, offering a menu of choices about how to change, counseling in a warm and empathic way, and emphasizing self-efficacy —that the client can do it (Miller Sanchez, 1994). Social workers delivering brief interventions also hel p clients establish goals for behavior change, follow up to assess progress, and provide ongoing encouragement. Of course, some clients need interventions that are more intense or of longer duration Motivational Enhancement Therapy Approaches more consonant with social work practice have replaced the heavy confrontation once used in alcohol and drug treatment programs. Research suggests that alcohol and drug therapists’ interpersonal skills are key factors in treatment effectiveness (Najavits Weiss, 1994). Among the approaches that stress a supportive, empathic counseling style are motiva- tional interviewing and motivational enhancement therapy (Miller Rollnick, 2002). Motivational enhancement therapy is usually short term and can be applied to a variety of problem behaviors (Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 2005). The therapist helps the client weigh the advantages Evidence-Based Addictions Practice 181 Chapter 08 7/13/07 3:22 PM Page 181 and disadvantages of changing (decisional balance) in order to resolve the client’s ambivalence about changing. Motivational approaches can help move clients along the stages of change, from precontemplation , where they may not recognize a problem â€Å"I drink like everyone else,† â€Å"I can control my gambling†) or its cause (â€Å"I wouldn’t drink like this if my work weren’t so stressful†), to contemplation , where they recognize the problem and consider changing, to preparation , where they make plans to change, to action , where they make behavioral changes, and maintenance , where they continue to change and prevent relapse (Prochaska, DiClemente, Norcross, 1992). Depending on the stage of the intervention and the individual client, social workers may use education, consciousness-raising, role-playing, positive reinforcement (e. g. rewards), community involvement, and many other techniques to help clients move on in the process of change Relapse Prevention Individuals usually make more than one serious attempt before they suc- cessfully abstain from alcohol or drugs, quit smoking, stop gambling, or reduce other behaviors to nonproblem levels. Those in recovery from alcohol. hol dependence often say, â€Å"It is easier to get sober than to stay sober. † People who have lost weight know how easy it is to regain weight. Lifelong work is often needed to remain free of an addictive or compulsive behavior. Lifestyle changes are generally needed. Many individuals do not sustain the desired change indefinitely, but social workers continue to help them achieve pro- gressively longer periods of abstinence or other desired behaviors. Some professionals may be dissuaded from specializing in addictions practice because they perceive clients’ resistance to be strong and relapse rates to be high. Treatment compliance and relapse in clients with alcohol disorders are similar to treatment compliance in individuals with other chronic illnesses like type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and asthma (McLellan, Lewis, O’Brien, Kleber, 2000). Helping clients prevent relapse is an important task. Social workers use relapse prevention approaches to help clients identify triggers, or high-risk situations, for problem behavior and ways to avoid or defuse these situations and adopt healthier lifestyles (Marlatt Gordon, 1985). For example, socializing with old buddies may be a trigger for drinking for one client, or failed relationships with men may be a trigger for shopping sprees for another. Social workers help clients avoid triggers and make plans to adopt other behaviors in their place— counting to ten and going for a walk, exercising, talking with friends, or engaging in other healthy and rewarding behaviors Social Workers and Mutual-Help Groups Some individuals recovering from addictive disorders utilize professional assistance; others utilize mutual-help groups; some use both. In 1935, a stockbroker and a doctor both struggling with alcoholism founded Alcoholics Anonymous. The number of AA groups has grown tremendous- ly. Narcotics Anonymous, Cocaine Anonymous, Marijuana Anonymous, Gamblers Anonymous, Overeaters Anonymous, Sexual Compulsives Anonymous, and Debtors Anonymous are all patterned after AA. These are all twelve-step programs that have a spiritual orientation and make refer- ence to God. The Lord’s Prayer is generally recited at meetings. Atheists, agnostics, and those of non-Christian religious persuasions have recovered through twelve-step programs, perhaps due to the camaraderie and sup- port. Those who do not want a spiritually based program may prefer pro- grams like Secular Organizations for Sobriety or Rational Recovery. The loose organization and emphasis on voluntary participation and anonymity make studying mutual-help groups’ effectiveness difficult, but many individuals attribute their recovery to these programs. Some clients need a relatively short course of professional treatment and use one or more of the many mutual-help groups for longer-term assistance. Others report that they do not find these groups useful. While many social workers embrace these groups, others have a more reserved view of them and for whom they may be most helpful. Since little hard research is available, social workers need to learn about mutual-help groups and attend meetings before they make their own judgments. Many groups have open meetings where professionals and other visitors are welcome. Social workers generally educate clients about mutual-help groups; sug- gest they attend; and consider which, if any, they might find useful. Social workers also keep group literature and Internet addresses handy for clients. Mutual-help group members may offer help that professionals do not pro- 186 Chapter 8 Addictions and Social Work Practice Chapter 08 7/13/07 3:22 PM Page 186 vide and may be available at times when professionals are not. Some AA groups operate clubs that are open twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. Many mutual-help groups have twenty-four-hour phone lines or answering services. Continued attendance at meetings may help avert relapse UTURE OF ADDICTIONS PRACTICE AND SOCIAL WORK Social workers specialize in addictions practice for many reasons, includ- ing the challenge of the work (DiNitto, 2007). The field needs social work- ers’ systems and strengths perspectives to develop new and improved approaches that will prevent people from developing addictions, motivate those with addictions to enter treatment, and produce better treatment results. Social workers are also needed to press for policy changes that will increase treatment access and promote more rational and effective approaches to drug offenders and others with impulse-control disorders and compulsive behaviors. SUMMARY Social workers play important roles in addressing addictions. Some do this by specializing in addictions prevention or treatment. Others work in set- tings like probation, corrections, child welfare, emergency rooms, and col- lege campuses, where alcohol and drug problems are prominent and inter- ventions must be conducted or service referrals made. Others are employe in medical settings where patients present with conditions like diabetes related to being overweight and with lung cancer, emphysema, and other health problems caused by smoking. Many of them need social work ser- vices as well as health care. In addition to developing skills in screening, intervention, and treatment, social workers can work to ensure that every- one with an addictive disorder, broadly defined, has access to affordable and effective treatment. More social workers are needed to address the growing problem of addictions.

Life as a Phone Girl free essay sample

It’s a busy Friday night at work as I stand behind the counter. The phones are ringing every two minutes and I can barely keep up. I’ve only been at work for an hour and already everything is going wrong. Customers are calling to complain, delivery drivers are getting lost, and the kitchen is chaos. But above all, the excitement and stress that my job brings upon me is what I love the most. As a phone girl, I am responsible for interacting with customers and addressing any problems they might have. The phone rings. I answer the call and greet the customer. â€Å"Thank you for calling Rosati’s in Oconomowoc, how can I help you?† â€Å"I came in 20 minutes ago to pick up my order and my pizza is all wrong. I live half an hour away and I am not driving back there to pick up a new one. We will write a custom essay sample on Life as a Phone Girl or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What kind of service is this?† Dealing with unhappy customers is not uncommon. I am the one who is yelled at for mistakes that aren’t my fault. I ignore the customer’s angry tone and apologize for the mix up. I give her a credit on her account and I ask if there’s anything else I can do for her. In the midst of answering phone calls, I’m also responsible for carry-out orders. Customers are continuously complaining about how long they must wait for their food to be ready. I politely let them know that I will inform the chef that he needs to finish the order as quick as possible. I’ve learned through my job, if I keep calm and positive, I can achieve and help. I use these characteristics in every aspect of my life and am able to see success in others areas as well.

Free Essays on Bob Marley

Bob Marley â€Å"Bob walked on to the stage in what I would later recognize as his unmatched saunter. It was awesome to watch him immediately memorize the crowd with his presence. His guitar slung over his shoulder, his Rasta locks flowing in unrestricted freedom, he generated a raw power of personality that overwhelmed his worshipers. Sounding his opening refrain â€Å"Hail Jah Rastafari!† and without another word he immediately launched into his opening song, â€Å"Concrete Jungle,† which immediately brought the crowd to its feet.† Robert Nesta Marley, was born on February 6, 1945. He was born in Nine Miles, Saint Ann, Jamaica. â€Å"Bob was the son of a white man, whom he never met. His mother Cedella also left him to be raised by his Granny Yaya and his grandfather, Omeriah.† With his grandparents he grew up in one of the poorest part of Jamaica named Trench town. I feel that this had a major impact on Bob’s life. In many of his songs he talks about Trench town. â€Å"Cold ground was my bed last night and rock was my pillow too.† As Bob grew older he spent less time at his home with his grandparents. Instead he was out with his friends Bunny Livingston and Peter Mackintosh. Together they did many things such as walk around town, go to the beach, play soccer and probably most importantly write music. Together the three were known as the Wailing Wailers. They soon had their first release, â€Å"Judge Not,† in 1963, but the single had no true success until 1964. After Writing their first single they began to experiment with their music, by slowing down the quick dance rhythms of Jamaican â€Å"ska† music and soon after scored hits with â€Å"Simmer Down† and â€Å"Love and Affection.† Despite its early success, the group broke up in 1966. Peter and Bunny both wanted to pursue solo careers. I think at the time this may have been a terrible thing for Bob, but in the long run this helped him tremendously. He now knew what kind of beats and r... Free Essays on Bob Marley Free Essays on Bob Marley Bob Marley â€Å"Bob walked on to the stage in what I would later recognize as his unmatched saunter. It was awesome to watch him immediately memorize the crowd with his presence. His guitar slung over his shoulder, his Rasta locks flowing in unrestricted freedom, he generated a raw power of personality that overwhelmed his worshipers. Sounding his opening refrain â€Å"Hail Jah Rastafari!† and without another word he immediately launched into his opening song, â€Å"Concrete Jungle,† which immediately brought the crowd to its feet.† Robert Nesta Marley, was born on February 6, 1945. He was born in Nine Miles, Saint Ann, Jamaica. â€Å"Bob was the son of a white man, whom he never met. His mother Cedella also left him to be raised by his Granny Yaya and his grandfather, Omeriah.† With his grandparents he grew up in one of the poorest part of Jamaica named Trench town. I feel that this had a major impact on Bob’s life. In many of his songs he talks about Trench town. â€Å"Cold ground was my bed last night and rock was my pillow too.† As Bob grew older he spent less time at his home with his grandparents. Instead he was out with his friends Bunny Livingston and Peter Mackintosh. Together they did many things such as walk around town, go to the beach, play soccer and probably most importantly write music. Together the three were known as the Wailing Wailers. They soon had their first release, â€Å"Judge Not,† in 1963, but the single had no true success until 1964. After Writing their first single they began to experiment with their music, by slowing down the quick dance rhythms of Jamaican â€Å"ska† music and soon after scored hits with â€Å"Simmer Down† and â€Å"Love and Affection.† Despite its early success, the group broke up in 1966. Peter and Bunny both wanted to pursue solo careers. I think at the time this may have been a terrible thing for Bob, but in the long run this helped him tremendously. He now knew what kind of beats and r... Free Essays on Bob Marley They say the sun, shines for all but in some people world, it never shine at all. They say love is a stream, that will find its course some think life is a dream so they making matter worse. -from Crisis, by Bob Marley Martin Luther King was not speaking about Bob Marley when he said"We must use time creatively and forever realize that the time is always hope to do great things,"but those words do describe how Robert Nesta Marley spent his life time. Bob Marley's life and involvement with the Rastafarian movement spanned the course of thirty-six years and left an impact on the world that is still felt. Marley's music was a result of what he saw in his life, what he felt, and what he saw as the treatment of his people. On February 6, 1945, Bob Marley was born in the northern half of Jamaica just outside of a small town named St. Ann, in an area named Nine Miles. His father, Norval Marley, was a white Naval Officer. Marley's mother's name was Cedella Malcolm Marley. Although she did have her son in wedlock, she rarely saw her husband because his parents disapproved of the marriage. The towns people of St. Ann reportedly thought Bob Marley had psychic powers, which allowed him to read hands and tell the person's future. The last time Marley saw his father was when he brought young Bob to Kingston, supposedly to enroll him in school. Eighteen months later Cedella learned that her son was not in school and rather he was living with an elderly couple. She immediately returned her son to St. Ann. (The History of Bob Marley). Bob Marley's move to Kingston was a milestone in his life. Norval Marley told his wife Cedella that he was bringing their son to Kingston to educate him. Instead he brought Bob to an elderly couple's home and it was the last time that Bob would ever see his father. During Bob's eighteen months in Kingston he was introduced to music. This was an introduction that would have a profound effect on the rest of his life, t...

Find the Anode and Cathode of a Galvanic Cell

Find the Anode and Cathode of a Galvanic Cell ​Anodes and cathodes are the endpoints or terminals of a device that produces electrical current. Electrical current runs from the positively charged terminal to the negatively charged terminal. The cathode is the terminal that attracts cations, or positive ions. To attract the cations, the terminal must be negatively charged. Electrical current is the amount of charge that passes a fixed point per unit time. The direction of the current flow is the direction in which a positive charge flows. Electrons are negatively charged and move in the opposite direction of the current. In a galvanic cell, the current is produced by connecting an oxidation reaction to a reduction reaction in an electrolyte solution. Oxidation and reduction reactions or redox reactions are chemical reactions involving a transfer of electrons from one atom in the reaction to another. When two different oxidation or reduction reactions are connected electrically, a current is formed. The direction depends on the type of reaction taking place at the terminal.Reduction reactions involve the gain of electrons. Electrons are needed to fuel the reaction and pull these electrons from the electrolyte. Since electrons are attracted to the reduction site and current flows opposite the flow of electrons, current flows away from the reduction site. Since current flows from the cathode to the anode, the reduction site is the cathode.Oxidation reactions involve the loss of electrons. As the reaction progresses, the oxidation terminal loses electrons to the electrolyte. The negative charge moves awa y from the oxidation site. The positive current moves towards the oxidation site, against the flow of electrons. Since current flows to the anode, the oxidation site is the anode of the cell. Keeping Anode and Cathode Straight On a commercial battery, the anode and cathode are clearly marked (- for anode and for cathode). Sometimes only the () terminal is marked. On a battery, the bumpy side is () and the smooth side is (-). If youre setting up a galvanic cell, youll need to keep the redox reaction in mind to identify the electrodes. Anode: positively charged terminal - oxidation reactionCathode: negatively charged terminal - reduction reactionThere are a couple mnemonics that can help you remember the details.To remember the charge: Caions are attracted to the Cahode (the t is a plus sign)To remember which reaction occurs at which terminal: An Ox and Red Cat - Anode Oxidation, Reduction Cathode Remember, the concept of electrical current was defined back before scientists understood the nature of positive and negative charges, so it was set up for the direction a () charge would move. In metals and other conductive materials, its actually the electrons or (-) charges that move. You can think of it as holes of positive charge. In an electrochemical cell, its just as likely cations will move as anions (in fact, both are probably moving at the same time).

Nok Civilization Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nok Civilization - Term Paper Example It was during unearthing a part of an alluvial tin mine nearby the Nok village that discoveries were made. The Nok village is in Jaba Local Government to the south of Kaduna state, next to Jos Plateau that is located in Central Nigeria in West Africa. Natural erosion and deposition led to Nok terracotta being spread all over the Sahel grasslands at various depths, therefore making it difficult to date and classify them. Due to sheer luck two sites were found to have Nok art which had not been moved. With the help of radiocarbon and thermo-luminescence tests the archaeologists were able to narrow down the age of the sculptures to between 2000 and 2500 years back. This meant that these artifacts were among the oldest ones of West Africa (Nok - a visit to Africa’s ancient civilisation 2013). Nok culture belongs to the Nigerian heritage which has not been given a lot of attention – at least not as much as other civilizations around the globe. Among all ancient tribes the Nok civilization was the most advanced and organized with respect to their living style. Unfortunately, though, a majority of the qualities that were associated with the Nok culture are no longer there and just a silhouette of their past exists today (Nok - a visit to Africa’s ancient civilisation 2013). For instance, today there is a single Nok blacksmith in the whole community and just a couple of weavers when in fact the Nok civilization was prominent due to their talents in weaving, molding and blacksmith. The same trades that they were known for now hardly exist (Nok - a visit to Africa’s ancient civilisation 2013). Nok people can be categorized as traditionalists – they considered their culture and traditions important and made sure that their children also followed them. For instance, they used to prepare their male children for manhood and made sure that the women followed their ‘female’ roles rather than taking over the males’ position.

Netflix distraction Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Netflix distraction - Research Paper Example There are differing view on the subject where a few argue that distractions are quite unhealthy for humans and must be avoided to pertain one`s focus, however, others argue that what makes the humans different from robots are these distractions which turn out to play the role of replenishing the humans out of their dull busy routines. In this context, Freud may be quoted, since he is considered to be the father of psychoanalysis. He was of the view that human happiness is concerned with avoiding pain and pursuing pleasures; and the best way to achieve that is through distractions. These distractions may be perceived as a vacation away from routine, some refreshing music, a movie, venting out with peers, talking a long walk or other activities which may take one`s mind off from the routine. Nowadays, with the incorporation of technology in almost every aspect of social life, especially with the advent of digital media, distraction is more often being considered as divulgence in the di gital life. For this reason, the paper will use Netflix as a positive distraction to expand upon the significance of Netflix as an aspect of life which isn`t just undeniable, rather proves to be quite healthy for the human body. In this context, it is crucial to understand distractions in general and their placement in the human behavioral patterns. Distraction can actually be quite a useful tool once an individual is off to the baseline. Especially when distressful situations are at play, one must converge towards distractions in an attempt to avoid permanent damage to the system. The tools which the psychologists recommend in such a scenario are related towards positive reflections, body sensations, bringing a change in one`s routine and divulging in constructively distracting behavior. However, distraction must not be confused with meaningless endeavors for long intervals. Rather, distraction by virtue of

Manila and Jose Rizal Essay Example for Free

Manila and Jose Rizal Essay Jose Rizal is our national hero but seriously i don’t know a lot about him. But when I watched the film about Dr. Jose Rizal I was shocked and amazed because of his sacrifice for our country. I though the he was a brilliant individual. He served as an inspiration to all Filipino. During his lifetime, he spent many years outside the Philippines, enriching himself through education, especially in Madrid, Spain. The distance did not diminish nor reduce his love for his country. Far from his motherland, he looked across the seas to find its strength, as well as its weaknesses, in order to uplift it from the abuses of foreign rule. One of the problems and this I feel strongly, with our current approach to Rizal is that it removes him from our ability to relate. But to continue to hold that up as a reason why he should be admired is kind of ridiculous. Because of how we approach Rizal, with all these misguided attempts at humanizing him, we fail to approach him as he would have wanted: Through his ideas, his dreams, his hopes, his understanding in the Philippines, his words that inspire many Filipinos. His real words, not those carefully edited. Not the number of women he supposedly slept with. And most definitely not in the number of languages he spoke. Rizal and I shared the same belief that students must be urged by patriotic ideals and by their passionate love for their country, the Philippines, love for truth and proper values of education. Dr. Jose P. Rizal had given proof of desiring liberty for his country, and he set down as a premise, the education of the people. His teachings greatly influence in me. Like him, I believe in people power and consider myself a modern Rizal youth of today, as the hope of my motherlands tomorrow. He is very nationalistic and I want to reserve my nationalism as well. Like Rizal, Im proud to be a Filipino.

Comparative: Equality 7-2521 versus Z :: essays research papers

Ego, a common word used in most people?s lives, unfortunately its not as common or even nonexistent in the lives of Equality 7-2521 and Z. They live their lives a bit different than most people. They live as a collective. Yes, a collective, they live in societies that don?t believe in individualism. Without individualism there are no ideas or opinions and without them its very hard for a society to function. Z , an ant who lives to help his colony, risked his life for the women he loved. Equality 7-2521, a determined man who broke countless laws to save the pride of his life, his light. Although Equality 7-2521 and Z have many similarities they have very different lives. Individualism, which is a big difference between Z and equality 7-2521. Z has a name that can distinguish him from other people. Were as Equality 7-2521 does have a very descriptive name. Another difference is Z is aloud to have opinions on issues. Conversely Equality 7-2521 has no opinions he is not even aloud to have them. Even though Equality 7-2521 and Z are different, in many ways they have very similar characteristics such as: the desire to be different without being an outcast because they are smarter or stronger. No matter how hard Equality 7-2521 and Z tried they always managed to

Charles’ Ability to Finance His Government

The Personal Rule of Charles I Charles I, born in Dunfermline, the son of James I and Anne of Denmark, was born in 1600. At the age of five he was made the Duke of York the Prince of Wales in 1616. When James I died in 1625, his son Charles became king. Upon becoming, the King Charles had a sense of greed growing, he would gain money through taxes and laws imposed only for the sense of profit and had been stubborn when it came to his ministers.He imposed a lot of trust in his ministers and was reluctant when it came to their dismissal. The Personal Rule was a period in which Charles governed without any reference to Parliament in the years 1629-1640; he refused to summon any Parliaments until they had a better understanding of what he wanted to do. Historians in a major of ways described this period, but how effective was the period of the Personal rule and had Charles succeeded in governing effectively and financially.Upon Buckingham’s dispersal, many former enemies of the Ki ng had made peace with him and entered his service. The Dukes of Arundel and Bristol, who had been against Buckingham in the House of Lords had decided that Parliament had gone too far in imposing the King and took up positions at Court. The death of the Duke of Buckingham had deeply affected Charles and the King had become reluctant to never again depend on one minister.Upon introduction of the Personal rule period there was little reaction and resistance to the dispersing of Parliament, enemies of the king worked towards peace in an attempt to become his advisors, and many of them did succeed. King Charles was successful in governing without Parliament by cutting his expenses and increasing income. The greatest drain on resources was the wars against France and Spain leaving the economy at a disadvantage; however this was soon put to an end due to peace treaties being signed with France in 1629 and with Spain in 1630.Peace brought an immediate revival of English trade and commerce . This in turn brought increased customs revenue because Charles continued to collect income through taxes without the agreement of Parliament. The first of Charles' money schemes was to enforce a law complying that men who own a property worth more than ? 40 per annum shall receive knighthoods at the royal coronation and from 1630, Charles had also began fining everyone who failed to observe this law.The knighthood fines had stacked up ? 100,000 by the end of the following year. The most condemned of taxes was Ship Money, a custom that required payment in order to keep naval defences on standby in the case of an emergency. In 1634, with Dunkirk pirates in the Channel and Barbary corsairs raiding Ireland, Cornwall and Devon for slaves, King Charles taxed the coastal counties to pay for the building of new warships. In 1635, he extended the tax to include inland counties.Even though ship-money was intended to finance a new fleet for England's defence, there were strong objections bec ause the King had imposed what amounted to a new tax without the consent of Parliament. Charles’s decisions that he would call no more parliaments until his subjects had a better understanding of him indicated that the circumstances were exceptional; however it was not unusual for there to be long periods of time without Parliament such as the seven years between the parliaments of 1614 and 1621.Charles’s believed that they weren’t an essential part of the daily government but more for the financial management and problems, which was the reason for the many gatherings that previously took place. At this point it may be said that Charles’ ability to finance his government effectively had been working, and to some extent his methods of financing had also reduced the resentment during the personal rule period.By deducting some of his expenses and increasing taxes more revenue was generated; however it may also be considered that the taxes may have caused res entment as Ship money had been deeply condemned by some and Charles’ revival of the ‘Forest Law’ which was said to be sacred ground for some may have resented Charles’ for that decision. It didn’t stop there however, not only did Charles’ re-establish the Forest Law he also fined those who branded it as their sacred ground for all the previous years.Charles’ furthered the ship money taxes in 1635 by not only demanding them for coastal countries but the whole of Britain, this was bound to raise resentment towards the King’s actions however it was an effective move by Charles as by 1637 the budget was balanced, most of the gains were developed via new strategies however most of them were just previous laws that were buried and brought back, the only new law was Ship Money due to its amendment but it also played a significant part in establishing a new style of taxation, targets for Ship Money were set and the global sum had been d educted from the county as a whole.Apart from rising customs revenues that had been derived from growing trade, Ship money then became a long-term source of financial independence. Upon Ship Money being offered on a long-term basis the resentment and opposition towards the way Charles’ had chosen to finance his government, the opposition wasn’t towards the finance but the methods chosen and mainly the Ship Money itself, many historians argue that the period of portraying Ship Money on a long-term basis was an attempt by Charles to finance his absolutism but the opposition towards Charles’ actions had been at a growing rate.At this point it may be considered that I far from agree with the opinion of Charles being able to finance his government without too much resentment as opposition against the Kings actions had been at a growing rate and with Ship Money falling out of context the power to impose taxes had been taken out of context. Whig historians had believed that this period had aroused the most furious opposition in the provinces and this â€Å"fact† was generally accepted.However there is little evidence to suggest that the opposition was high. John Hampden was a clear case of resentment for the King as he refused to pay the tax in 1636; he was then tested in 1637. At this point Hampden’s lawyer believed Parliament should vote in this case, however the King appealed against this by saying that the Ship tax was also used to build the armyEven though the judges had confirmed Charles’ legal right to collect Ship Money, resentment and dissatisfaction were growing and in the years of 1635-1637 the amount of ship money being received was at a decreasing rate which was most likely from the opposition of it, this also highlights the fact that opposition was at an increasing rate and Charles’ unethical methods would not be successful for long.Charles’ methods of granting tax without the consent of Parliament had showed that his unethical methods towards gaining revenue would most likely increase the opposition towards him. Although most taxes were accepted Ship Money had been a major issue that raised a high amount in opposition. It can be argued that Ship Money was required for a valid reason, but would it be sustained as long as Charles wanted it? The period of 1637-40 was the decline of the personal rule, public opinion of the King was negating.Although the combination of Ship Money and growing trade offered a source of financial independence, the opposition towards it didn’t. Most of the opposition believed a Parliament should be called but even if it were to be, Charles’ views towards the finances of his government would not change hence one of the main reasons for the Personal Rule period itself. Charles lacked political awareness, and unlike James I, his father he lacked understanding of Scottish politics and culture; even so he didn’t attempt to educate him self on it.To some extent I have concluded that Charles’ ability to finance his government effectively itself was remarkable, but the methods he adapted when doing so were unethical and did not take into consideration the public opinion therefore I wouldn’t regard it as a remarkable achievement, however many Historians believe as I do that Charles’ lack of politics and culture had put him at a great disadvantage which was mainly why Parliament were established.It may also be said that Charles’ view towards Parliament had changed majorly after the death of the Duke, this was the reason why he demanded reform and asserted his role. The situation in Scotland was also a major turning point for the Personal Rule as Charles’ advisors also began advising that he call Parliament in order to settle the opposition and avoid war which in fact did drain the finances of the government.Therefore to some extent I do agree that the opinion of Charles’ abili ty to finance his government effectively was a remarkable achievement, however I also think that he should have taken more consideration of the public opinion in an attempt to avoid resentment. His decision to â€Å"renew† the Ship Money tax was in my opinion a mistake made by Charles and the decision to do this had actually started a widespread of opposition.

Gwendolen Fairfax Essay

In Oscar Wilde’s play The Importance of Being Earnest reflected the changing role of Victorian women. The character Gwendolen Fairfax was most like the women of the time. She is much like her mother, Lady Bracknell, who seemed very strong and independent. The women of the Victorian age were interested in educating and improving themselves. Both intellectually and cosmetically, women wanted to be better and have more rights. Gwendolen was a pretentious women who was obsessed with the name of Earnest. She said that she wouldn’t want to marry anyone without that name. Her superficial attitude concerning this is reflective of Victorian times, when middle to upper-class women were most concerned with appearance and reputation. These women felt that it was very important to appear honorable and virtuous, and their husbands had to reflect that image. It was a pretentious attitude of the time. Gwendolen also attended lectures, which was a way of improving herself intellectually. She was a thinking woman, who had her own thoughts. When she gives an opinion she gives it with authority. She is flirtatious with Jack/Earnest and comes off as a woman who expects her own way. She is much like her mother, Lady Bracknell. Lady Bracknell attempts to influence her daughter’s marital decisions, and it is clear that she is most concerned with image as well. Sources say that the ideas of marriage in the Victorian era were less romantic. Marriage served the purpose of a woman being taken care of and having an honorable reputation. Having a husband was very much a status symbol. We can see that even though Jack was lying about his name, he is supposed to be â€Å"Earnest. † The importance of being Earnest as the play title suggests, is actually the importance of maintaining the right image of honor and respectability. The fact that Lady Bracknell was independently in charge of her daughter, shows that women were becoming a bit more free. She was not a single mother, but due to the sickness of the father she was able to do as she pleased and have a say in who her daughter marries. Before this time it was the father who had that right. Women slowly became more and more influential, and her character reflects that. Works Cited Landale, Nacy S.. â€Å"Dirty Ideology and Sexuality among Victorian Women. † Social Science History, 36. 2 (1986): 147-170. JSTOR. 6 Apr. 2007 . Murray, Isobel, ed. Oscar Wilde: The Major Works. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Questia. 6 Apr. 2007 . Nicoll, Allardyce. A History of Late Nineteenth Century Drama, 1850-1900. Vol. 1. Cambridge, England: University Press, 1946. Questia. 6 Apr. 2007 .

Gcse English Poetry Essays

Gcse English Poetry Essays Gcse English Poetry Essay Gcse English Poetry Essay Essay Topic: W H auden Poems The two poems that I will be analysing are Stop all the Clocks by W. H. Auden and The Vet by Gillian Clarke. My discussion will be based on the theme of the poems and look at how the poets used form and language to help his readers understand and make meaning out of the poem. STOP ALL THE CLOCKS THEME The theme of this poem is about grief. The poet takes his readers through a simple but complex journey that explains the different stages of grief that a person feels when a loved one dies. The poem reveals the emotional upheaval that death can cause. The grief felt is carefully illustrated by the poet in the form and language he uses throughout the poem which has a strict rhyming scheme of AABB throughout the 4 stanzas. FORM AND LANGUAGE The form and language that was used by the poet to describe the feeling and mood of the bereaved was spread throughout. The first stanza simply showed the first stage of grief and that the bereaved is coming to terms with the death of a loved one. For example, he said stop all the clocks which signified that he wanted to focus on what had just happened and does not want to forget his love as people do over a period of time. : Again he said, cut off the telephone meaning he wanted to be alone without communicating to anyone. This is because she wanted to concentrate and grieve on the death of his loved one without people offering their condolences. Then the last line of the stanza, he said, bring out the coffin which suggests that he wanted to start making funeral plans. In the second stanza he wanted to let everyone know that his loved one has died and he mentioned in the first line, let aeroplane circle moaning overhead which means that he wanted everyone to join him in feeling the pain and grief he feels and that a great man had passed. In the second line he said, scribbling on the sky the message He Is Dead to acknowledge the tragic passing away of someone special in his life. Also there were inclusions of some metaphors such as crepe which suggests fragility of life and love, dove which signifies that he wants peace and traffic policemen which suggests that he wants order to prevail and justice be served. All these words were used to describe his feelings instead of using the direct feelings. The third stanza is very different from the previous two because the narrator gets personal with the readers by telling them what he meant to him. For example, in the first line he said, He was my North, my South, my East, and West. He started using a lot of commas which changes the rhythm of the poem. He slows down the pace at which he narrates and makes the readers focus on the pain he feels. There was a consistent repetition of my in the stanza because the narrator gets personal and reveals how much he hurts about the passing away of his loved one. A metaphor of compass which signified that he has lost direction in life as his beloved had died. He also talks about the times of day and days of the week that emphasises how much he had lost now he is dead. The last stanza is all about the anger and destructive character that the narrator adopts as his tone changes and he says the stars are not wanted now: put out every one; Pack up the moon and dismantle the sun. It signifies that he has lost his faith in romance. The last stanza emphasises finality because in the last line he said nothing can ever come to any good meaning he has lost faith in life and love and he has nothing to work for as it does not come to any good. THE VET The theme of The Vet is basically the unpleasant experience associated with conceiving. It is circulated around child that witnessed the birth of a baby calf. The poet tries to paint a picture in the mind of the readers of the painful procedure involved in delivering. The poet uses an Alliteration in the last stanza on the forth line gleaming, silver, sweet under the tongue.

How to Use a Thesaurus - Word Reference Books

How to Use a Thesaurus - Word Reference Books A thesaurus is a tool you can use to search for synonyms and antonyms of other words. There are different types of thesauri and different methods for accessing information from them. Thesauri can come in the form of a book, an electronic device, a web site, or a word processing tool. When to Use a Thesaurus How many times have you struggled to find the best word to describe a feeling, a scene, or an impression? A thesaurus is used to help you become more precise (if you are working on a technical paper) and descriptive (if you are writing a creative piece) in your writing. It provides a list of suggested â€Å"replacements† for any word you have in mind. The thesaurus helps you zero in on the best word choice. A thesaurus can also be used as a vocabulary builder. You can use a thesaurus to discover new ways of expressing yourself. Accessing a Thesaurus If you are typing a paper in Microsoft Word or WordPerfect, you can access a thesaurus at any time by searching under the â€Å"tools† list. You may also right-click on a word and find alternate word suggestions.If you are working on a computer with Internet access, you can visit Thesaurus.com and conduct a word search.You can purchase a handbook or an electronic thesaurus and carry it along in your backpack. When You Shouldnt Use a Thesaurus Some teachers ask students to limit their use of a thesaurus. Why? If you rely too much on a thesaurus as you write a paper, you can end up with a paper that sounds amateurish. There is an art to finding a perfect word; but the nuance of expressions can work against you as easily against you as it could work for you. In short: don’t overdo it! Be a little parsimonious (thrifty, prudent, economical, sparing, careful, penny-wise, skimping, sparing, frugal) when using a thesaurus.

Long-run U.S. Economic Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Long-run U.S. Economic Growth - Essay Example Real GDP moves around the potential GDP. This is how GDP can be measured from the supply side. Again from demand side perspective GDP is determined by total consumption, investment and government expenditure in a closed economy and by an additional component called net exports in open economy. It has been statistically proven that industrial growth of a nation is closely associated with GDP growth. Also, industrialization forms the platform for structural changes in imports and exports. The economic developments underwent by the United States exemplifies how an underdeveloped economy could grow into an immense and affluent industrial state and show remarkable economic growth despite being intervened by short term downs. In more developed economies labor force seems to be distributed more towards the industrial and services sector and importance of agriculture is lessened (Cypher and Dietz, 272). After gaining independence along with 13 colonies, they came together to collaborate into a nation of 4 million people. During 1790, four fifth of the labor force in US belonged to the farm while the capital goods and technology along with finished products were imported from overseas. At present the major part of the nation belongs to the industries with more than 170 million people who are generating their own capital and technology in a society which is persistently expanding. It might be important to state that if supply of labor was the key to industrial growth, then other countries with high population like China and India could show similar levels of improvement. United States possessed several natural advantages for this growth to be sustained. Some of these were derived from the natural situation of the country. The nation had fertile lands and immense natural resources. The climate supported health and generated energy. There was no problem of overpopulation or pressure on existing resources and on the other hand, this scarcity also promoted growth and develop ment as it necessitated economic growth. The population was advanced in terms of culture, moral and political status. Most of them were literate and understood the law and adept in of self-government. The legacy of Calvinism enforced the resolution to earn and save and also democracy brought about an ability to consume as well as enjoy. All these factors combined made economic growth irresistible. Thus work, democracy, innovation and education made a combined effort towards taking the economy along the path of growth. The labor force was committed to work such their earnings went beyond subsistence and devoted long labor hours. The ex-colonies decided to amalgamate after independence and this led the growth of an internal market which provided stimulus to economic growth. Social mobility was utilized to serve as a tool for growth. The urge to be involved with new materials, technologies, machines all contributed towards different methods for improvement (Harris, 3). Again their devo tion towards expanding the education base promoted learning and improvement of human resources with time. All these factors combined to rebuild the continent from the colonial status and pushed it into the current stage of growth and development. Overview of Economic Growth in the late Eighteenth and Nineteenth century Net National Product of a country normally serves as a convenient measure of the

Individual development project (O.B course) Essay

Individual development project (O.B course) - Essay Example The main issue with the company I worked for that it lacked an appropriate leadership style that would best fit the company. In the decade when the company was facing problems and crisis the main problem was that it lost a good relationship and a factor of trust between the employees, labor and the top management. A leader in true sense is someone who leads his followers along the way or path towards their goals and objectives (Blanchard, Hersey & Johnson 2008). Leadership is the characteristic that will enable a person to inspire group of people to realize common interest or goal. Analysis of the issue The base of any organization rests on the philosophy, vision, goals and values of the management. As a result this drives the culture of the organization that is made up of the formal, informal and social environment of the organization. Basically it is the culture of the organization that determines the leadership type, group dynamics and communication within that organization (Glidd on, 2006). The culture, the leadership style, the communication, group dynamics are the things on which the perception of the worker is based and these are the things that direct the motivation degree of the worker. So at the company I worked in the decade of crisis and low performance these factors were not being addressed according to the expectation of the workers and labor as in the previous and present times. Trust is an expectation that is positive that another does not and will not by words, decisions and actions act opportunistically. Trust is based on two things mainly that are familiarity and risk. Trust has a lot of dimensions mainly like integrity, competence, consistency, loyalty and openness etc. Integrity relates to things like truthfulness and honesty, competence means the interpersonal and technical knowledge and skills, consistency relates to predictability, good judgment and reliability under various situations, loyalty means the willingness to safeguard and prote ct face for any other person and openness relates to the reliance on someone else to provide you the truth in full. There are three types of trusts that employees in any company can experience. One is deterrence or fear of punishment based trust, the other is identification or trust based on mutual understanding, appreciation for other people’s desires and wants, and the knowledge based or behavioral predictability based trust that roots back to the interaction history. At the company I worked the basic issue was that the trust was deterrence based. It means that the employees feared punishment and were forced to trust the CEO whereas they dint not like his leadership style at all. Solution of the issue In the world today effective managers should develop trusting relationship with the ones they seek to be leading. As with the increasing competition in the world the managers who lack this factor are not taken to be an effective. Organizations nowadays are strictly in search o f transformational leaders (Kaiser, 2009). The transformational leaders are the ones with vision and are charismatic to carry that vision. True leadership effectiveness is the product of exhibiting of right behaviors at the right time. Leader should be someone who has a personality, verbally adept, smart and likeable. Good leaders and managers know how to keep the environment of the organization competitive and cooperative at the same time (Hofstede, Gert, and Michael, 2010). The greatness of the organizati

Abdullatif al Sayegh Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Abdullatif al Sayegh - Research Paper Example His father was a religious leader and this had a lot of influence in his early life and development. Due to his father’s position, Abdullatif spent most of his childhood days studying and memorizing verses from the Koran. The leadership position of his father also influenced him into becoming a role model for his peer. Both his family and the society over expected from him. This influenced him into putting extra efforts in all that he did. Education is one of the areas in which Abdullatif became distinguished in the society. His father was also very instrumental in his success as a student in Saudi Arabia. After completing his secondary level education, he joined university of Tampa in Florida. Unlike most students in secondary and elementary levels of education, Abdullatif seemed to have decided about his future career at an early stage. His father was also supportive to his choice of career and study abroad. Abdullatif completed his studies successfully and spent several yea rs searching for a job in America. Like other students studying in overseas institutions, Abdullatif had the dreams of working in major media houses such as the BBC and CNN. However, after failed attempt of securing employment in the media industry, Abdullatif decided to return to the Middle East. His return to the Middle East was beneficial to both his career and the upcoming media industry. After staying in his home country for some time, Abdullatif moved to the United Arab Emirates. During this shift, Abdullatif entered into a partnership with the government of Dubai in an effort to establish a self-reliant media houses in Dubai (Al Sayegh web). His shift to Dubai came at the time when different governments in the Middle East were looking forward to establish independent media houses that were of international standard. His involvement with the government of Dubai was aimed at establishing media houses that served both in the local and international level his studies at Tampa Uni versity focussed on the management of media and, therefore he had sufficient skills to manage media houses that are of international standard. This establishment included eight radio stations and three daily newspaper-printing houses. Abdullatif first worked on the radio stations before he began his work on the printing houses. Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid also involved him in establishing of TV stations that later became well established both in Dubai and internationally. Among the TV, stations created during this partnership included the MTV Arabya and Nickleodeon. Abdullatif had outstanding management skills that enabled him to make the different achievements and breakthroughs in the media industry. It is often debated that his role in the Dubai media industry enabled him to rise to his current position as one of the most celebrated CEOs in the media industry. However, this is not the case since Abdullatif had quality education and skills in media and management. His role particula rly in the MTV made him to rise to his current position. In addition, he enabled the MTV television to become a well-established global television. Although Abdullatif made a lot of achievement through MTV, he still had unachieved ambitions that he required achieving. However, Abdullatif intended to reach the viewers in the Arab world. This meant that the different TV stations had to air content accordance to the preference of the people within this region. Due to his experience and educational background, Abdullatif was not satisfied with the progress of MTV in the region level. This made him to establish strategic plans that would see the different television stations on an international platform. It was however, difficult to elevate the newspapers into international media due to their use of

The Dependency Of Technology

The Dependency Of Technology Throughout history, mankind have been developing different types of technologies that allow him to simplify and enhance his lifestyle, since ancient times humans were developing new technologies to help them in activities to use a smaller amount of time and more do it more easily. Over the centuries, these rudimentary technologies were improved, and new ones have emerged in some cases replaced earlier technologies and others who came to meet new needs. These new technologies introduced at the same time, changes in the socio-cultural practices; therefore the world has begun to be characterized mainly by presenting a rapid development of technologies that enable the ease of communication. But the very rapidity of these has also generated a significant impact on society; this can be observed in the young people who excessively use specific technologies such as cell phones and the Internet, to the point that we are talking about a possible dependence of these new tools. The technology se ctor lives in constant motion. Each year we see more and better products and services that facilitate our daily and professional life and no doubt, in the coming decades we will see newer developments in this area. Most people who live in this world make use of new technologies, but we must consider a little that these new technologies not only have a positive side, but also a negative side. Most people only see the positive side of this and the fact that they can count on technologies such as social network and mobile phones that contain everything that a person needs to communicate; this has made us dependent of these new technologies. It sounds terribly dramatic, but the truth is that if we do not use one of these media for one day, we would not be satisfied. Maybe we should ask ourselves this question: are we dependent on new technologies? There are many advantages that technological advances have brought, but we must think that we have to pay as users of this new technology. Technological dependence is clearly seen when we look around and realize that we are surrounded by technological advances ranging from mobile phones, computers, ipod, and television; that have become part of our common lives causing in us a certain dependence. Technological development has grown at considerable speed and the consequences on society, countries and individuals are enormous. Technological development has a unique course we cannot alter, nor stop; It defines our lives. In the present, technological change is determined by a few large multinational corporations that in turn influence the behavior of consumers by advertising, so the consumer is directed to where they want. For example, for the people that must be continuously checking their e-mail; cell phones were invented, which already have mobile internet so that they can connect at any time and anywhere. Another example of how consumerism is relate to new technologies is the company Apple who release every years a new iphone and consumers often are content to upgrade for even the smallest improvementsa phenomenon that many people attribute to Apples advertising acumen. (Rachael Duane) It is important to emphasize that the same consumerism perceived by the people today in everyday life; it is the same that induces to the purchase of new and improved artifacts focused more than anything else as a whim and not as a necessity. The gap between consumption and need becomes increasingly close and more difficult to discern. At first glance, one might have the tendency to dismiss such aberrant cell phone use as merely youthful nonsense a passing fad. But an emerging body of literature has given increasing credence to cell phone addiction and similar behavioral addictions. (Roberts and Pirog). Technology is a means that on one hand brings us many advantages, but in the other hand, we have to establish that the use of artifacts such as the Internet and mobile phones are becoming of excessive use in young people, for Roberts and Pirog it is definite that all these artifacts are becoming a way of life for each one of them, and they say that the same young people are at a stage where they will become addicts to this devices if they do not know how to control themselves. They argue further that technology isolates people because it is now very common to see how many hours are devoted young to be on the network, because humanity is involved in a technological world, thats where people are starting to talk about the term technophile which is becoming more common every day. In addition several people are starting to consider technology dependency as any unhealthy dependency such as alcoholism or drug addiction. Jane Demerica thinks the opposite to what is set out in the article of Roberts and Pirog she says, that these new technologies are extremely beneficial for all and that it is difficult to speak of dependence in these technologies. New technologies in communication are optimal for better knowing people and expand the social circle. Meeting new friends- Shy kids can make new friends on the internet. (Jane Demerica) She also claims to have solved the problems of introversion and even ensures that parents feel reassured that their children are talking to friends who already know and are under supervision to help lower the risk. Another point where she is in favor is the mobile phones because she mentions, Cell phones make it easier for parents to keep track of their children. (Jane Demer ica) It can be seen that the technologies have a great potential to enhance and change the education system, which can break the prevailing cultural patterns so that technology does not bring so many prejudices and steers away from becoming a dependency. When schools in different parts of the state, country or world connect, students can meet their counterparts through video conferencing without leaving the classroom. (William McCoy). According to him, there is no abuse of technology rather this is the current key of teaching so children and youth should be therefore more exposed to the media. As a source of information the Internet provides immediate access to almost all knowledge collected by mankind in the history of civilization. In times where knowledge is power, access to the Internet puts a person in complete advantage over those who do not. With the internet a person can read the latest news on different topics, obtain information on employment opportunities, find out the latest f ashion trends, and learn from the written responses of millions of people in specialized forums and blogs. The downside is that many people infringe copyright because they are tempted by so much information and end up copying and pasting text and then present them as their own. This promotes laziness and dishonesty. Also, many people take advantage of the vast amount of personal information available on the Internet to blackmail or steal identities. Deferring to the thoughts of Demerica and McCoy. Psychologist Patricia Greenfield indicates that technology is causing the loss of critical thinking in students. She states that because of the incredible boom that technologies have on societies can begin to talk about the concept of dependence on technology, estimates that there are already hundreds incidents of Internet dependency. Although she is not totally disagree with the new technologies, she indicates to use both As students spend more time with visual media and less time with pr int, evaluation methods that include visual media will give a better picture of what they actually know. (Greenfield ). Addiction is increasing, it is giving following alteration in social and physical habits of young people and identifies these as other addictions, producing anxiety about being in touch with a computer and the need to be using it every minute, so that has made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹a huge gap between use and abuse. Another person who is in favor with the views of Roberts and Pirog with regard to the mobile phones is Josip Ivanovic who says Teens natural tendency to follow trends may result in an emotional attachment to a cell phone (in its latest model) that is out of scale with its actual value. (Ivanovic) It can be said that many people, especially young people tend to use this device in a manner disproportionate, making it an addiction. Most people overuse the cell, nowadays users cannot leave it off for minutes, and if so they tend to turn it on a fter a short time to check for text messages or voice mails. People who are dependent of cell phones need to feel their devices in their hands, otherwise they will not feel good and this will generate anxiety, stress or despair. This new addiction attack to hundreds of people, and the worst thing of all is that they do not realize that they are addicted because they see it as something normal. The overuse of cell phones has become a social problem for tens of thousands of Americans not much different than other harmful addictions. (qtd in Chris Knippers) In addition, cell phone addiction can cause serious damage to the home environment; because it causes alienation when a member moves away to make a call or send a text message this generates a detachment of the family environment. We live in times where the use of technology is applied in every aspect of the society, which explains the technological dependence in which we live. Nowadays society applies new technology almost anywhere such as scientifically, socially and financially, But as a foundation for an important enconomic pillar in our country, I suspect were pushing the envelope of sane thinking. There is no such thing as an unhackable computer system. There is no such thing as a 24/7/365 computer system. (John M. Grohol). For example, if we go to the bank and the system goes down we cannot do anything because all the information about the clients is stored online; If a person wants to be served in any unit of government health, he has to make an appointment, but if it is rush hour in which all users want to make an appointment, the system will flood, and they wont be able to handle the appointment. Other problem could be if a system fails Because hospital systems are so complex, and require the careful integration of disparate, specialized software and hardware systems, single component downtime can greatly interrupt workflow. (Campbell, Guappone, Ash) New technologies have entirely changed the way of life of young people. In some respects very much improved. For example, in order to perform the school work children have to use a computer to do some research. In the last few years there has been a considerable advance in the technology, each time improving more what we already have, which is beneficial to our quality of life. The problem is that goes awry and creates addiction among children and adolescents, and presently technology can be considered as a drug. At first, results from the ease of communications appear valuable because it helps people to communicate with others who are far away, but if this trend persists, people who use this technology often will isolate. Young adults who use Facebook more frequently show more signs of psychological disorders, including antisocial behavior, mania and aggressiveness. (Larry Rosen). An example of this is Facebook where more and more people spends hours attached to this virtual community, and thus ignore their interpersonal relationships in the real world. For young people, I believe that new technologies have become a property of first need that gives them independence with respect to the outside world. Some of the things that stand out are the media such as television, social networks, the consoles such as the video games, mobile phones, the Internet, and photos and videos from digital cameras. This has caused a radical change in the socialization and how they relate. The presence and contact now have become a thing of the past. Friendships are now not visible by the use of technologies. For example, with the use of Facebook many people can meet new friends. The advantages that young people see in the new technologies are many and varied. For example, in social networks allows them to have a continuous communication. They can choose a person to talk or keep hidden until they feel confident most of the time they use it at home where they feel safe and uninhibited, which causes parents to lose and control of their children. These technologies also have an impact on family relations, creating privacy for the children, which is hardly controllable by the parents, because most of the population now has a computer at home with internet access. The computer is a useful tool in everyday life as it helps us to make academic work and non-academic work. Although it is a very important tool in our daily lives today we have also become very dependent on it because we can not do anyt hing if we do not have a computer, this mainly happens because our environment demands the use of this tool each day at work or school, and nobody denies that it is a very useful tool for everyday tasks, but when a person rely on something that is what we dread to think what will happen when this technology is not around us. From a computer with internet connection a person can buy anything, from books to a house. There is no need that could not be met with the Internet and a credit card with funds. Someone with Internet connection could live his entire live without having to leave his home. This also means that the Internet offers an endless variety of business opportunities, from basic Web page creation, sales of traditional products, to even sales of stranger things. The negative side of these are of course spam, phishing, and other forms of fraud; through which unscrupulous people look for to get rich quick. Fraud can also come from the buyers side, because many thieves of credi t cards use the Internet to make purchases under the name of their victims, emptying their bank accounts and ruining their reputation. In conclusion, technology is a phenomenon that surrounds us all with artifacts and technical devices on a daily basis, is an element that is maintained for the length of time and we remain equally or more wrapped up in a technological world that teaches us a new way of learning, and adaptation. Technological dependence is part of our lives because nowadays no one is free of this phenomenon on the global level. An example of this are the universities which indirectly involve students in this system, the same applies to jobs or simply with the Chat, which is limiting personal relations, replacing them with virtual communication. All this becomes dependence when individuals cannot perform their daily activities without the use of some device, or better said function in society without occupying any technological tool. Historically, technology has been used to meet basic needs such as food, clothing, and housing. But also for other negative purposes such as, create weapons to persuade an d dominate people. Technological activity affects the social and economic progress, but also produced the deterioration of our environment. Technologies can be used to protect the environment and prevent the growing needs cause depletion or degradation of material and energy resources of our planet. Avoiding these negative aspects is the task not only of governments, but of all the people living on the planet. Although technology has a number of disadvantages, I think the advantages of these are more favorable to mankind. In fact, one could say that without sustainable development of the technology, the humans would not be more than an ordinary living being on this planet. The inventions of man are indicators of the cognitive evolution of the same, and in their eagerness to learn, can overcome evolutionary barriers such as adaptability to certain climates, and defense against diseases. Unfortunately, it is man who decides how to use it. Certain types of men see technology as weapons for war, others as tools that help us improve the quality of life of the species.

Great Wall of China :: Chinese China History

Great Wall of China In the year 221 B.C.E., there was a great ruler over the Ch'in kingdom in China, named Shih Huang Ti. Shih was power hungry and wanted more land so he gathered his army and captured the surrounding kingdoms. As the ruler of so many kingdoms he became "the first emperor" of China. Shih showed his tyranny when he burned all history books to insure that his people and future generations would only remember him and none of the earlier rulers. He had a strong army but the fierce tribes north of China, the Mongols and the Huns, were stronger. These nomadic tribes would come into China and steal crops and animals and then destroy everything left behind. Shih was very disturbed with these invasions, so in the year 214 B.C.E. he freed prisoners and gathered workers and herds of animals. He gave all this to Meng T'ien, his loyal general. Meng and the men and animals were sent north to fortify Shih's kingdoms from invading armies. Shih planned to make a great wall by extending and enlarging preexisting walls made by previous rulers. This "great" wall would serve as a barricade to keep out all tribes that wanted to invade China. It also served to separate the civilized acts of the farmers in China to the barbaric acts of the nomadic tribes. What Shih did not know was that the construction would cause many deaths and much suffering to the builders of the wall. The wall which Meng and his men created had watchtowers, forty feet tall, every two hundred yards. The purpose of these towers was to alert the defending soldiers of approaching, attacking tribes. The soldiers at the towers signalled to each other by day using smoke signals, ! wavin g flags, blowing horns, and ringing bells; by night by lighting firework-like objects in the sky. The wall, itself, was approximately fifteen hundred miles long, thirty feet high and, at the base, twenty-five feet thick. It was made of the core of earth and gravel. Actually, it was two walls aligned with each other and then filled in with a stone base pounded smooth. The wall traveled over mountains and through valleys. It went from Liatun, on the coast near Korea, westward to the northern end on the Yellow River, southward to Lint'ao to close off the north west area of the empire from the Huns.

Brave New World & “Bokanovsky’s Process”

The conflict between individuality and communal identity forms a central theme of Huxley's Brave New World. From the opening page of the novel, it is clear that Huxley's satirical utopia is supported by an over-riding sense of civic authority and communal identity. The World State celebrates its law and ethical paradigms by way of sloganism and its herald: â€Å"†in a shield, the World State's motto, COMMUNITY, IDENTITY, STABILITY†; the three words in rapid succession suggest that the religious trinity of Father-Son-Holy-Ghost have been replaced by communal identification.The words seem to lead into one-another, blurring their meanings together and suggesting a cause and effect: that â€Å"community† allows for â€Å"identity† and â€Å"stability†; community in the World State, in fact, is identity and stability, (Huxley). As the novel's first extended scene gets underway, the reader begins to enter the utopian world and realizes that individuality, as recognized by contemporary real-world readers, is placed at a very low priority in the World State. The mass-production of cars and other factory-built products has been applied to human beings.Students attend a medical lecture on the â€Å"Bokanovsky's Process† which generates mass-human production: One egg, one embryo, one adult-normality. But a bokanovskified egg will bud, will proliferate, will divide. From eight to ninety-six buds, and every bud will grow into a perfectly formed embryo, and every embryo into a full-sized adult. Making ninety-six human beings grow where only one grew before. Progress. (Huxley) From the very beginning of life in the World State, individuality is sacrificed in the name of community and in the name of progress.Huxley's satirical inversion of the associations most commonly associated with human infants: those of possibility and uniqueness and joy and subsumed beneath his Ford-factory-utopian abstraction of babies born in labs on conveyer b elts. With this single image and scene, Huxley sets up the central dichotomy of Brave New World, the conflict between individual liberty and self-actualization and communal of State-controlled power and State mandated â€Å"happiness.† Because Huxley's intention is to critique the â€Å"inhumanity† of man, his vision of the complete eradication of individuality, by necessity, must begin at birth. The coldly biological and assembly-line imagery establishes the depth and breadth of the conflict between individuality and community identification with urgency and immediacy. To further extend the comprehensiveness of the conflict, Huxley must demonstrate the loss of individual sexual impulse and reproductive rights right along with his vision of the State run assembly-line incubators.To completely subsume individuality, it is necessary to demystify eroticism and sexual acts: sex is permitted freely in the World State although the kind of sex which is depicted is cold and un feeling and not at all what one would associate with human sexual impulse and romantic relationships as we now know them. Because human sexuality begins with self-image, Huxley's depiction of Lenina's grooming and dressing routine plays a key role in showing how individuality is eradicated by the Stare sponsored eroticism and fashion: â€Å"Lenina got out of the bath, toweled herself dry, took hold of a long flexible tube plugged into the wall[†¦] A blast of warmed air dusted her with the finest talcum powder. Eight different scents and eau-de-Cologne were laid on in little taps over the wash-basin. † Because Lenina is later revealed to harbor serious radical thoughts regarding sexuality and love, the preceding scene of her bath and dressing serves to show how her inborn beauty and natural sexuality have been obscured beneath synthetic-ism and communal homogeny, (Huxley).Lenina's desired state of sexuality is in stark conflict with the professed sexual morals of the Worl d State where past ideas about love, sex, and romance are vilified and seen as limitations to true human expression: â€Å"Family, monogamy, romance. Everywhere exclusiveness, a narrow channelling of impulse and energy†; in the new, progressive society, â€Å"every one belongs to every one else,† and there is no such thing as individual love or romance or monogamy.This inversion of sexual permissiveness — like Huxley's conflation of assembly-lines and nurseries — is an ironic technique which is meant to signal the perils of the breakdown of individuality and spontaneous :chemistry† between people. Huxley is saying, in effect, that is human individuality is sacrificed in the name of progress, then true progress will also have been sacrificed altogether. By demonstrating the grotesque nature of State sponsored Eros and State sponsored births, Huxley attacks the core-experiences of humanity and sets his satirical sights on clarifying through horror, th e grave importance of individuation in society.In response to the axiom that â€Å"everyone belongs to everyone† and thus has no personal will whatsoever, the young students in the lecture merely accept this axiom as truth: â€Å"The students nodded, emphatically agreeing with a statement which upwards of sixty-two thousand repetitions in the dark had made them accept, not merely as true, but as axiomatic, self-evident, utterly indisputable,† and with his observation, Huxley makes it clear that the stifling of individuality leads to a stifling of the mind, the imagination, and the will to discover truth as opposed to convenient but possibly corrupt or false explanations, (Huxley)If borth adn reproduction play a very large role in the fundamental elements of Huxley's satirical examination of the conflict between individuality adn community in Brave New World, the issue of death — and more specifically of grieving — play an equally important role in present ing a Utopian nightmare where the basic attributes and experiences of humanity have been paved over by homogenized experience and unemotional interpersonal relationships. A good example of this sub-theme in the novel is the scene between the Savage and the nurse in the hospital when the Savage's mother lies dying.Normal grieving is looked at as a deep weakness in the social order of the World State: â€Å"Startled by the expression of distress on his pale face, she suddenly broke off. â€Å"Why, whatever is the matter? † she asked. She was not accustomed to this kind of thing in visitors. (Not that there were many visitors anyhow: or any reason why there should be many visitors. ) â€Å"You're not feeling ill, are you? † He shook his head. â€Å"She's my mother,† he said in a scarcely audible voice. The nurse glanced at him with startled, horrified eyes; then quickly looked away. (Huxley).Huxley's novel is satirical in essence, but it is horrifying in experienc e and the strength of its visceral message about the urgency of preserving individuality is in many ways made acutely powerful by Huxley's satirical inversion of primary modes of human experience including: birth, love, sex, friendship, self-image, and even death. By demonstrating the horror of utopia through the loss of personal individuality, Huxley adroitly satirizes many of the conventions and technologies which have steadily risen as a threat in society to the sanctity of the individual.

Naeyc Code of Ethics Essay

The Code of Ethics define the core values of the field and provides guidance for what professionals should do when they encounter conflicting obligations or responsibilities in their work. In this essay I will be comparing four different codes of ethics and also reflecting their differences. The four codes involved are the NAEYC Code of Ethical Conduct, the Nursing Code of ethics, the National Education Association-Code of Ethics in Education Profession, and the Psychology Code of Ethics. I will talk about each code separately, as they are the same, and as they are different. I will start with the NAEYC Code of Ethical Conduct. This code offers guidelines for responsible behavior and sets forth a common basis for resolving the principle ethical dilemmas encountered in early childhood care and education. This code includes core values, ideals, and principles. It is broken down into four main sections. The first section refers to ethical responsibilities to children. It explains how we as early childhood educators are dedicated to support children’s development, growth, and learning. We have to be very committed to the fact that childhood is a very unique and valuable stage in the human life cycle. The second section talks about ethical responsibilities to families. Because families are of primary importance in children’s development and the early childhood practitioner has a common interest in the child’s well-being, we develop relationships of mutual trust with the families we serve. The NAEYC code then goes on to section three, it talks about ethical responsibilities to colleagues. The code refers to colleagues as co-workers, employers, and employees. It states that a caring, cooperative workplace sustains positive relationships. Human dignity should be respected and professional satisfactory shall be promoted. Lastly but not least, section four that talks about our ethical responsibilities to our community. It says that our responsibilities to the community are to provide programs that meet the diverse needs of families, cooperate with agencies and professionals that share the responsibility for children, to assist families in gaining access to professionals, and to assist in the development of community programs that are needed. Next on the list, the Nursing Code of Ethics.